Virginia Woolf, A Room of One's Own and Three Guineas
Remember that I wrote that Virginia Woolf is one of the most
influential literary figures in my personal literary canon? These two books have been important to
me for so long that I can barely remember a time when they weren't touchstones
of my thinking: the first for asserting women's right to write and the second for
critiquing the material structures of patriarchy that concentrate power and
wealth in a small number of male hands at the expense of social justice.
OK, so Virginia Woolf is not a raving socialist. But she was
arguably influenced by her husband, Leonard Woolf, who was (well, maybe
not the raving part). She was also influenced by the suffrage movement and
first-wave feminism (not that it was called that in Woolf's day). A Room of One's Own, a series of linked
essays, traces the emergence of women writers (she would do so again, more humorously,
in Orlando) and the struggles they
must overcome for their art, and famously claims that "a woman must have
money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction." With sharp wit
and cutting insight, Woolf imagines a line of maternal descent quite different
from Bloom's "anxiety of influence" demonstrated most particularly, in Woolf's era, in T.S. Eliot's writing. Sadly, despite the advances women writers made in the twentieth century, we may now be in a retrograde period,
wherein women artists seem to be losing ground and influence again. And that's perhaps where Three Guineas comes in.
Three Guineas is a
response to a request Woolf received to contribute funds to anti-war work. Woolf's
narrator declares that she would contribute except — The text (in effect a
series of essays) explains how she feels funds might be directed to prevent war, rather than through a contribution to the letter-writer's society, through economic equality between the sexes, through education, and through an
acknowledgement of the destructive force of patriarchy. Reading this text as an
eighteen-year-old made real and immediate for me ideological ideas that were,
until then, abstract to the point of being almost incomprehensible.
These texts together have underpinned my academic work for some
twenty-five years. And of course I have moved far beyond Woolf's perspectives —
and was fortunate enough to have been born in the second wave of feminist
daughters. Still, I owe a tremendous intellectual and philosophical debt to
these books of Woolf's, and they remain among my favourite five-star texts.
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